Critical Thinking - Literature Review - 12815 Words

Critical Thinking: A Literature Review Research Report Emily R. Lai June 2011 CRITICAL THINKING 1 About Pearson Pearson, the global leader in education and education technology, provides innovative print and digital education materials for pre-K through college, student information systems and learning management systems, teacher licensure testing, teacher professional development, career certification programs, and testing and assessment products that set the standard for the industry. Pearson’s other primary businesses include the Financial Times Group and the Penguin Group. For more information about the Assessment Information group of Pearson, visit http://www.pearsonassessments.com/. About Pearson’s Research Reports Pearson’s†¦show more content†¦Definition of Critical Thinking Theoretical Background The literature on critical thinking has roots in two primary academic disciplines: philosophy and psychology (Lewis Smith, 1993). Sternberg (1986) has also noted a third critical thinking strand within the field of education. These separate academ ic strands have developed different approaches to defining critical thinking that reflect their respective concerns. Each of these approaches is explored more fully below. CRITICAL THINKING 5 The philosophical approach. The writings of Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, and more recently, Matthew Lipman and Richard Paul, exemplify the philosophical approach. This approach focuses on the hypothetical critical thinker, enumerating the qualities and characteristics of this person rather than the behaviors or actions the critical thinker can perform (Lewis Smith, 1993; Thayer-Bacon, 2000). Sternberg (1986) has noted that this school of thought approaches the critical thinker as an ideal type, focusing on what people are capable of doing under the best of circumstances. Accordingly, Richard Paul (1992) discusses critical thinking in the context of â€Å"perfections of thought† (p. 9). This preoccupation with the ideal critical thinker is evident in the American Philosophical Association’s consensus portrait of the ideal critical thinker as someone who is inquisitive in nature, open-minded, flexible,Show MoreRelatedEssay about Critical Thinking: Evaluation1572 Words   |  7 PagesCritical Evaluation of an Academic Source Odetta Rodriguez Capella University Critical Evaluation of an Academic Source This paper is a summary of critical evaluation of the suitability of an article as an academic source. The title of the article is Critical Thinking: An Extended Definition. The author, Professor Ken Petress, analyzes various definitions of critical thinking and provides his definition of the concept as well. 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The Ethics Of A Government Intelligence Contract - 1752 Words

Interests Interests include those who have a stake in an issue and the organizations they form. It can also include special interest, activity and advocacy group. All the interests mentioned in this section will cover the various issues mentioned in the above sections. Some of those interests are their customers, pension fund executives and managers, Oracle media representatives, employees, Oracle community (blog, users and user communities), United States Air Force, database administrators, database developers, vendors, Oracle technology writer/analyst/commenter specializing in enterprise software, etc. Also included are, other similar technology corporations watching Oracle`s next steps, the Attorney General, government officials,†¦show more content†¦Solicitor General, Judiciary (Court – Federal, State and District Court), news media, social media, client or vendor opinions and their sentiments. Also included are international institutions like the European Union (EU). (Kend all, and Ovide, 2015) Information Information refers to what interests and institutional office holders know about an issue, the consequences of alternative courses of action, and the preferences of those concerned with the issue. Issues are often contested (by lawsuits or social pressures), as interests have conflicting or different information. Information leads to progress or resolution of issues. Oracle had initial information about the violations, and was able to gather all additional information and provide relevant proofs. The proofs help to resolve or advance the lawsuits. Those could include listing the specific sections of the law violated, and log/trace files (technical information) proving illegal activities done via. Oracle`s website as in the case of illegal downloads. Information was also provided about the contract breach, steps taken for a hostile takeover and its justifications. The information is provided from various sources. Some of the other interests include activists, government institution, m edia, more information on the Rimini Street issue and infringement issues with Oregon. Issue – Rimini Street`s illegal conduct Any issue that threatens Oracle`s reputation should be taken seriously. Issues tarnish firm`s

Oil Prices and Stock Markets Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Oil Prices and Stock Markets. Answer: Background Oil prices and stock market are both identified as leading economic indicators. Contextually, it has been observed that oil prices have negative relation with the price increase and economic growth. Economic growth is considerably associated with trading. In stock market, public listed companies are able to trade in a systematic manner. According to the past scenarios, rises of oil prices have coincided with equity market, higher inflation, government bond yield and economic recessions. Based on the fluctuation of oil prices and instable economic condition, it can be highlighted that the movements of oil price and stock market both have a minimal correlation (Ready, 2016). Aim The aim of the research focuses on highlighting the potential effects of frequent changes in petroleum price over the past years along with corporate cash flows and earnings, which consequently have an impact on stock price. Objectives To investigate the impact of volatility spillovers To discuss the bidirectional impacts on petroleum prices and stock sector indices To analyze the potential impacts of petroleum price on economy and stock price in North America, Western Europe and OPEC Literature Review Oil Price is one of the most prominent driving forces of world economy. In the last few decades, the energy dependency of the entire world has significantly changed. According to the changing scenario, the world has witnessed a stable growth with respect to energy resources, especially in petroleum. Considering the present market scenarios, it can be evaluated that petroleum along with different products are in high demand for the different varied world governments along with the stock markets (Husain, Arezki, Breuer, Haksar, Helbling, Medas, Sommer, 2015; Ramos Veiga, 2014). Petroleum prices have been more volatile as compared to the other commodities. Difiglio (2014), analyzed 40 years of data related with oil price stocks and economic growth, thus revealed that weak economic growth is almost preceded by oil price stock. It is also observed that price-inelastic demand and supply of oil price shocks and reduction of economic growth are related with each other (Difiglio, 2014). In the context of relatedness of different factors of stock market, economies and oil price, Xiong Han (2015) presented that there is a potential linkage between exchange rates and stock return series in terms of the conditional secondary moments of relevant distributions, which is also known as volatility spillovers (p. 8). It is a significant factor in stock market and economy stability, which was critically portrayed from the research findings of Natarajan, Singh Priya (2014). Natarajan et al. (2014), depicted that the volatility spillovers can identify two different angles for stock market operations and economies. It can be used to emphasize casual relationship within the current volatility and previous volatility shocks of a specific market. On the other hand, cross volatility spillovers indicates a one way relationship between current volatility of a market and past volatility of the other market (Natarajan et al., 2014). According to the past scenarios, it has been observed that the oil prices declined in the year 2014, which can be explained by the increase of oil supply. The factors have notably portrayed that lower price of oil has weaker worldwide demand. Supply of petroleum oil can be affected due to investment and technological innovations, which facilitate the extractions of crude oil. Weaker global growth may be recognized as a main driver for the downfall in the oil prices (ECB Economic Bulletin, 2016). ECB Economic Bulletin (2016), also presented an approach of movements relating to the petroleum price, in the context of stock market volatility. The petroleum prices are allied with different channels, which may generate impacts on the return of stock markets. The fluctuation of petroleum price and the sudden shocks of stock prices may attract the attention of several associates including policy makers, investors, finance researchers and practitioners across the entire world. The major econo mic rationale has the potential effects of the frequent changes in corporate cash flows, earnings, stock prices. Moreover, Imarhiagbe (2010), stated that the long term relationship within oil price-macroeconomic and oil price-stock price. Past evidences have significantly highlighted the correlation between oil price and the economic output, which directly influence the stock market operations. Correspondingly, the basic materials including financial, industrial sectors, oil and gas products prices are hampered due to the fluctuation in economic output and stock shocks. Contextually, this scenario thoroughly emphasized the bidirectional impacts associated with petroleum prices as well as stock sector indices that will be critically elaborated in final section of literature review in the dissertation. Methodology The study will select qualitative research method for the conducting further research. Contextually, it is observed that the qualitative method is able to focus on diversified areas of inquiry as well as reveals the trends of perceptions to evaluate the solution of the core problem. Moreover, qualitative research approach provides aids to reveal the behaviors of target audiences and their perceptions towards particular issue (Qualitative Research Consultants Association, 2017; Creswell, 2014). The study will also conduct secondary data collection process, through which it will able to gather information related with oil prices, stock market and global economies. For secondary data collection, the study will consider previous researches of different scholars, industrial reports along with past records on economic growth, oil price fluctuation and stock market. Qualitative research will be most appropriate for this study due to the in-depth analysis of the process (University of Southe rn California, 2017). The study will consider secondary resources, which will enable in providing numerical related with oil price, world economies and stock market fluctuation along with their relationships for generating impacts on each other. Data exclusion and inclusion procedure will follow be throughout the research process for maintaining the feasibility and reliability of the study. The research strategy will also follow the most feasible way of literature search strategy to conclude a reliable outcome at the end of the study. First the research will avail search engine such as Google, Google scholars to gather resources associated with oil price fluctuation, stock market and global economies influential factors and driving forces along with past records on price fluctuations. From secondary resources, the study will focus on gathering stock market trends and its impacts on global economies. The fluctuation of oil prices and its relation with stock market as well as the combined impacts on global economies will also be covered through the secondary data. Ethical consideration is relied on the moral principles of specific conductions. The study will follow the comprehensiveness, reliability and feasibility in the overall process to maintain the accurate outcome. The study will also follow the ethical consideration norms and industrial legal approval details for achieving optimal reliability. The trustworthy resources will only utilize for maintaining the credibility, transferability and conformability of outcome. The article will utilize audit trail to record information in details, including flexible data context and describe appropriate data collection procedures as well (Houghton, Casey, Shaw Murphy, 2013). On the other hand, the entire process will significantly follow the norms of confidentiality, thereby evading the chances of biasness. Data Analysis Data analysis is an important part through which further findings and results will be identified. For a compact data analysis, the study will focus on following the thematic analysis process. Thematic analysis is one of the most common and radical forms of data analysis that can use in qualitative research approach. It is able to emphasize and examine the gathered data on the basis of themes. The pattern of themes will follow all data sets and will be segregated according to the description of a specific phenomenon. In thematic analysis, the study will describe different themes and will attempt to explain the predefined themes on the basis of aforementioned research aim and objectives. In thematic analysis, the study will further gather data based on certain themes, which will be distinctly associated with oil price, stock market and their interrelationship along with its combined impacts on global economies. These scenarios will help to understand the alignment of the projected aim and will help to achieve the objectives as well. Conclusion The study will depict regarding the significance of oil price fluctuations and its impact on global economies along with the stock market. The scenario will be explained with the support of secondary researches from industrial reports and previous recorded data, which are related with oil prices, stock market fluctuation and economies dependency. Reliable data will help in portraying the highlighted issues of the study and assist in concluding significant result. Contextually, the study will also focus on evaluating the specific aim and the objectives through which further elaborations of dissertation will be conducted. Dissertation Structure Introduction Initial idea regarding the researchs aim and objectives, which will help to conclude a feasible outcome of the identified issue Literature Review Scholarly articles, industrial reports and previous records will be segregated and discussed accordingly Methodology The process of research conduction will describe accordingly through appropriate data collection method, research method, analysis method and ethical consideration Data Analysis and Discussion Analysis of gathered data will be conducted and discussed for generating an in-depth understanding regarding the issue Result and findings With the support of secondary data, the study will draw a comprehensive finding, which will help to conclude results Conclusion The overall findings and understanding will draw in this section Time Line The following Gantt chart provides an idea regarding the time span of research conduction and its different segments: Figure 1: Gantt Chart References Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. US: SAGE. Difiglio, C. (2014). Oil, economic growth and strategic petroleum stocks. Energy Strategy Reviews, 5, 48-58. ECB Economic Bulletin. (2016). Global implications of low oil prices. ECB Economic Bulletin, 4, 1-4. Houghton, C., Casey, D., Shaw, D. Murphy, K. (2013). Rigour in qualitative case-study research. Nurse Res, 20(4), 12-17. Husain, A. M., Arezki, R., Breuer, P., Haksar, V., Helbling, T., Medas, P. A, Sommer, M. (2015). Global implications of lower oil prices. US: International Monetary Fund. Imarhiagbe, S. (2010). Impact of oil prices on stock markets: Empirical evidence from selected major oil producing and consuming countries. Global Journal ofFinance and Banking Issues, 4(4), 15-24. Natarajan, V. K., Singh, A. R. R. Priya, N. C. (2014). Examining mean-volatility spillovers across national stock markets. Journal of EconomicsFinance and Administrative Science, 19(36), 55-62. Qualitative Research Consultants Association. (2017). Why qualitative research works?. Retrieved September 15, 2017, from https://www.qrca.org/?page=whatisqualresearch Ramos, S. Veiga, H. (2014). The interrelationship between financial and energy markets. Germany: Springer. Ready, R.C. (2016). Introduction. Oil Prices and the Stock Market, 2-36. University of Southern California (2017). Organizing your social sciences research paper: Qualitative methods. USC Libraries. Retrieved September 15, 2017, from https://libguides.usc.edu/writingguide/qualitative Xiong, Z. Han, L. (2015). Volatility spillover effect between financial markets: Evidence since the reform of the RMB exchange rate mechanism. Financial Innovation, 1(9), 2-12.

Love Yourself Her by BTS free essay sample

This record-breaking and award-winning 7 member boy band has risen to the top and not just from their newest album â€Å"Love Yourself: Her†. The first ever K-Pop band to perform live on an American televised show singing â€Å"DNA† from their new album is BTS. BTS in Korean is Bangtan and this literally stands for Bulletproof Boy Scouts. Consisting of 4 vocalists: Jin,V, Jimin, Jungkook and 3 rappers: Suga, RM(leader of the group), and J-Hope, they make a phenomenal group. Their newest album, â€Å"Love Yourself: Her†, is an emotional, storytelling album that can help me find things in myself to love. It contains nine songs, some are more meaningful than others, such as the following: â€Å"Mic Drop†, â€Å"GoGo†, and â€Å"Outro: her†. I have learned from these that BTS isn’t just a band that only cares about fame or making cool songs, they love to take the problems in the world an express how they feel about them or what is wrong. We will write a custom essay sample on Love Yourself: Her by BTS or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They use their fame to reach people and spread messages to the whole world even with the language block. One of their most known new songs, â€Å"Mic Drop†, has been through the charts even in America. BTS has collaborated with Steve Aoki and Designer to make two remixes and one music video. This song is more of a flex song on other groups but I have learned a lot about their history making it a bit deeper than that. â€Å"Mic Drop† has shown how much improvement and achievement they have made throughout the years together. It tells how they didn’t even know if they were going to debut to being one of the best groups in the K-Pop industry. They actually got the idea from Barack Obamas speech where he dropped the mic at the end. Obama symbolized that he was done with his speech and presidential term saying it was epic. Through boasting in their song about their accomplishments, like in Suga’s rap line saying â€Å"sorry billboard, sorry worldwide†, they are able to balance it with their next songs. It can be totally misinterpreted, but it’s an extraordinary hit that has an astonishing, dancy, fun feel to it. â€Å"GoGo† has many lines about squandering money and then spending it the next day, saying â€Å"YOLO†, and talking all about having a high-end life. In America, people can be thrown off by these lines thinking that BTS is talking about themselves and this how they live their lives. In Korea, however, kids and teens are spending too much money on apparel or items just to be in style, and it’s becoming a problem. BTS loves to write their music to get to listeners and this is just one of the ways they teach people to save and not be stupid or wasteful with money. They build up better futures just by their music because they have such loving, amazing, hardcore fans that do indeed, listen to their advice. After talking about problems with society they get into hardships with love. Looking for love, the song tells us that he found himself with her help. â€Å"Outro: Her†, shows every aspect of loving someone or something. It’s a song that echoes out the truth. In the song, the lyrics say â€Å"you’re the answer I call you her, her cause you’re my tear, tear† showing that there is immense love but with love is hardships and overcoming those increases how much more that love means. We are lied to by the world too think that there is a person perfect for us and it’s perfect when we find them because all we have is joy and happiness, but love has its tears. It’s a beautiful more slow song compared to the epic rap song â€Å"Mic Drop† giving a perfect end to their new album. Their new album has many more impressive songs besides the ones I have talked about. All varieties from rap to chill slow songs. Even if it’s a bit hard to understand from a language block or if the lyrics don’t make much sense right away, this group will continue to have empowering and eye-opening songs for the real world. BTS has taken over my life just through music. Its pretty crazy to think about that happening but I know I have a much better understanding of society. Creating a trip for fans, BTS has released inspiring new songs. From songs that show their amazing journey so far to a generation that cares so much about material things and ending the lovely time with a truthful image of hardships that bond true love. â€Å"Love Yourself: Her† by BTS is an amazing hit album and in the physical version there will be hidden songs only true Army(BTS fanbase) can understand.